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Stephen Harding, O.Cist. ((フランス語:Étienne Harding), died 28 March 1134), was an English-born monk and abbot, who was one of the founders of the Cistercian Order in what is now France. He is honoured as a saint in the Catholic Church. ==Life== Harding was born in Sherborne, Dorset, in the Kingdom of England, and spoke English, Norman, French and Latin.〔("Saint Stephen Harding", ''Oye Magazine'' )〕 He was placed in Sherborne Abbey at a young age, but eventually left the monastery and became a travelling scholar, journeying with one devout companion, into Scotland and afterwards to Paris and then to Rome.〔(Butler, Alban. ''The Lives or the Fathers, Martyrs and Other Principal Saints'', D. & J. Sadlier, & Company, 1864 )〕 He eventually moved to Molesme Abbey in Burgundy, under the Abbot Robert of Molesme (c. 1027-1111). When Robert left Molesme to avoid its corruption and laxity, Harding and Alberic of Cîteaux went with him; but upon the complaint of the monks, they were called back again — Robert, by an order of the pope, the other two by the local bishop. The young Harding was then made superior. Seeing no hope of a sufficient reformation, Robert appointed another abbot at Molesme; then, with Alberic, Harding and twenty-one other monks, received permission from Hugh, Archbishop of Lyons, and legate of the Holy See, to retire to Citeaux, a marshy wilderness five leagues from Dijon where they formed a new, more austere, monastery.〔 Eudes, afterwards Duke of Burgundy, built them a little church, which was placed under the patronage of the Blessed Virgin, as all the churches of the Cisterians from that time have been. Robert was initially abbot of Cîteaux Abbey, returning to Molesme after a year. Alberic then took over, serving as abbot until his death in 1109.〔 Stephen, the youngest of the three, became the third abbot of Cîteaux. However, very few were joining the community and the monks were suffering from hunger and sickness. It seemed for a while as if the new order was destined to die out.〔("St. Stephen Harding", Catholic News Agency )〕 In 1112,Bernard of Clairvaux entered the community, bringing with him thirty companions.〔(Huddleston, Gilbert. "St. Stephen Harding." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 14. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1912. 25 May 2013 )〕 Between 1112 and 1119, a dozen new Cistercian houses were founded to accommodate those joining the young order. Harding's powers as an organiser were exceptional, he instituted the system of general chapters and regular visitations. In 1119, he wrote the "''Carta Caritatis''" (Charter of Charity), an important document for the Cistercian Order, establishing its unifying principles.〔 Stephen Harding served Cîteaux Abbey as its abbot for twenty-five years. While no single person is considered the founder of the Cistercian Order, the shape of Cistercian thought, and its rapid growth in the 12th century, was arguably due to the leadership of Harding. Insisting on simplicity in all aspects of monastic life, he was largely responsible for the severity of Cistercian architecture.〔 In 1133, he resigned as head of the order, because of age and infirmity.〔 He died on 28 March 1134,〔 and was buried in the tomb of Alberic, his predecessor, in the cloister of Cîteaux.〔("Saint Stephen Harding", St Thomas & St Stephen Roman Catholic Church, Market Drayton, Shropshire )〕 In a joint commemoration with Robert of Molesme and Alberic, the first two abbots of Cîteaux, Stephen Harding's feast day is celebrated by the Cistercian Order, on 26 January.〔(Order of Cistercians of the Strict Observance "Calendar" )〕 The north aisle of the Church of St Sepulchre-without-Newgate in London was formerly a chapel dedicated to him (it became the Musicians' Chapel in the 20th century). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Stephen Harding」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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